In RBCA, potential human
health and environmental risk is evaluated to determine appropriate
remediation end points or, in some cases, whether remediation is even
required. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guidelines,
adopted in some format by most states, specify a three-tiered approach
for site-specific risk evaluation. Each tier applies progressively
decreasing levels of conservatism and increasing levels of detailed
analysis. Depending on receptors, constituents, and exposures, the
appropriate level of evaluation is determined. The risk evaluation
will determine whether remediation is required, if ongoing monitoring
is advisable, what the remedial focus should be to mitigate risk,
and may also specify appropriate remediation end points.
What's Needed? An Holistic Understanding of Environmental Systems
and Media